Introduction to Hydropower in Nepal

Hydropower is the major source of Electricity in Nepal. Nepal has got 83GW hydropower potential among which 43GW is economically feasible. But there is just 737MW of total power supply in Nepal which is less than 1% of total potential. World's 20% of electricity is by Hydropower. In contrary, 96% of electricity in Nepal is by Hydropower - This says a lot of Nature Power of Nepal. Hydropower electricity is environment friendly - no pollution in air or in land, and, is also the most efficient method of all.

The history of hydropower development rolls back to 1882 AD in USA but in Nepal Pharping Hydropower Project starts its production from 1911 AD having install capacity of 500KW. Since then many hydropower stations were established with the help of government, NEA, ADB, NGOs, and INGOs as well as different countries. But due to political instability there is no expected development in hydropower and there are no hydropower of higher install capacity. Kaligandaki has the install capacity of 144MW and no other hydropower project has higher capacity than this. There are various hydropower projects under construction with higher install capacity which will certainly overcome the energy crisis in Nepal.

Upper Tamakoshi – 309MW
Upper Trishuli-3A – 61MW
Upper Kanali – 300MW

Hydropower business is a great way for Nepal to progress - It has the potential to uplift poverty, provide electricity to every household and even allow Nepal to sell electricity to other countries. Popularity of Hydropower comes closer to becoming Nepal's third most important business for earning foreign-revenue and every year, lots of foreign companies visit Nepal for project studies.

If Nepal more effectively harnessed its 83,000 megawatts of hydropower potential, the country could meet its domestic demand for electricity, as well as export electricity and potentially transform the economy. Lack of electricity is a major constraint to economic development and poverty alleviation. Currently, Nepal is harnessing less than 1 percent of its potential hydropower energy and the country depends on biofuels, mainly wood, to meet its energy needs. This has serious consequences for Nepal’s environment as the consumption of wood for fuel accelerates deforestation and soil erosion.

LOWER MARSHYANDI HYDROPOWER PROJECT:

Marshyandi Hydropower Station is a PROR type with an installed capacity of 69 MW with three generating Francis turbines of each 23MW. It is situated at Anboo Khaireni, Tanahun. The powerhouse was commissioned in the December 1989. The power produced is connected to the national grid system. The donor agencies are: IDA, KFW, KFED, SFD, ADB.

Salient Features:

Catchments Area = 3850 km2.
Avg annual discharge = 210cumecs
Gross reservoir storage capacity = 3.20*10^6 m3
Max. flood discharge = 3350 cumecs
Min. flood discharge = 33cumecs

Investments:
IDA : US$ 96.0 million.
KFW : US$ 93.0 million
KFED : US$ 9.5 million
ADB : US$ 4.36 million
SFD : US$ 11.5 million
Nepal government: US$ 7.21 million

KALI-GANDAKI-A HYDROPOWER PROJECT:

Kali Gandaki 'A' Hydropower Station is a PROR type with an installed capacity of 144 MW. The powerhouse was commissioned in the year 2002. The average (designed) annual generation of this powerhouse is 182 KWh. This powerhouse has generated 556.61 GWh of energy in fiscal year 2061/62 with an increase of 5.49 percent compared to the last years' generation. The generation from this power station has contributed 23 percent of the total energy in the INPS.

Salient Features
Type : P-ROR
Designed Head : 115 m
Installed Capacity : 144 MW
Design Discharge : 142cumecs
Turbine Generator Set : 3 Nos

Powerhouse:
1. Type : Surface
2. Dimensions(L/W/H) : 90.5m/21.1m/43.2m

Turbine:
1. Number and type : 3 Nos, Francis
2. Output/Unit : 48 MW
3. Rated Flow/Unit : 44.6 m3/s
4. Rated Speed : 300rpm
5. Shaft Configuration : Vertical

Generators:
1. Number and Type : 3 Nos, 3- phase Synchronous
2. Rated Output/Unit : 56.5MVA
3. Rated Voltage : 13.8 KV
4. Rated Current :
5. Rated Frequency : 50Hz
6. Rated Speed : 300 rpm
7. Rated Power Factor : 0.85

Transmission Line
1. TL System : 132 KV
2. Conductor Type and Size:
3. Total Length : up to Grid connecting Point : 104.6 km (Single circuit 65.5 km to Pokhara Substation and double circuit 39.1 km to Butwal Substation)

Project Inception Date : 1991 Project Placed in Service
Commercial operation Date : August 16, 2002
Project Financed By : ADB, FINNIDA and UNDP

Hoover Dam

Hoover Dam, originally known as Boulder Dam, is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada. When completed in 1936, it was both the world's largest electric-power generating station and the world's largest concrete structure. It was surpassed in both these respects by the Grand Coulee Dam in 1945. It is currently the world's 35th-largest hydroelectric generating station. This dam, located 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada, is named after Herbert Hoover, who played an instrumental role in its construction, first as the Secretary of Commerce and then later as the President of the United States. Construction began in 1931 and was completed in 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule. The dam and the power plant are operated by the Bureau of Reclamation of the U.S. Department of the Interior. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, Hoover Dam was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985.

Palm tree city of Dubai

This is the construction model of Dubai architecture.
This is palm tree city under construction in Dubai, UAE.

World's Tallest bridge

This is the world’s tallest bridge, at 343 m tall at its highest pillar, the Millau Viaduct in Southern France is almost a third taller than any other bridge in the world. A freeway in the sky, the bridge crosses the river Tarn in France and can save travelers almost an hour of travel between France and the Mediterranean. It also removes the traffic congestion once faced in the town of Millau. The episode documents the difficulties that the crew had to faced, and the challenging processes that were used in its construction. The documentary contains a few words from the mayor of Millau, Jacques Godfrain, the bridge architect, Norman Foster, and designer, Michel Virlogeux.

Civil Engg.

Civil Engineering is the oldest branch of engineering. Civil itself has many branches of engineering. The main part of civil engineering is the designing and structural parts.

Some of the engineering college teacing Civil engineering in Nepal are:

• IOE, Pulchokt (affiliated to Tribhuvan University)
  
• Kantipur Engineering college (affiliated to Tribhuvan University)
• Kathmandu Engineering college (affiliated to Tribhuvan University)
• Nepal Engineering college (affiliated to Pokhara University)
• Khwopa Engineering college (affiliated to Purbanchal University)
• Acme Engineering college (affiliated to Purbanchal University)
• Kantipur City college (affiliated to Purbanchal University)
• HIST(affiliated to Purbanchal University)